Output Results

Some maps of the electricity transmission network and the energy share of different technologies is plotted.

Some other additional plots are also plotted by the model. The CSV files used for outputting the results are briefly described in the following items.

The power is expressed in MW, energy or heat in GWh, and costs in M€. Hydrogen is expressed in tH2. Reservoir volume is expressed in hm³, and water flow in hm³/s. The energy transported in the electricity network is expressed in GWh-Mkm.

Investment/Retirement

File oT_Result_GenerationInvestment.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	MW	Generation investment power

File oT_Result_GenerationInvestmentPerUnit.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	MW	Generation investment power

File oT_Result_GenerationRetirement.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	MW	Generation retirement power

File oT_Result_TechnologyInvestment.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	MW	Technology investment power

File oT_Result_TechnologyInvestmentCost.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	M€	Technology investment cost

File oT_Result_TechnologyInvestmentCostPerMW.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	M€/MW	Technology investment cost per MW

File oT_Result_TechnologyRetirement.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Generator	MW	Technology retirement power

File oT_Result_NetworkInvestment.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Initial node	Final node	Circuit	p.u.	Electricity network investment decision

File oT_Result_NetworkInvestment_MWkm.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Initial node	Final node	Circuit	MW-km	Electricity network investment

File oT_Result_ReserveMarginPower.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	GW	Reserve margin

File oT_Result_ReserveMarginPerUnit.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	p.u.	Per unit reserve margin

File oT_Result_LargestUnitPerUnit.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	p.u.	Per unit largest unit

Electricity generation operation

File oT_Result_GenerationCommitment.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Commitment decision [p.u.]

File oT_Result_GenerationStartUp.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Startup decision [p.u.]

File oT_Result_GenerationShutDown.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Shutdown decision [p.u.]

File oT_Result_GenerationReserveUp.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Upward operating reserve of each generator [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationReserveDown.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Downward operating reserve of each generator [MW]

File oT_Result_Generation.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Output (discharge in ESS) [MW]

File oT_Result_NetDemand.csv

VRES are the variable renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar). Units with null linear variable cost and no storage capacity. The net demand is the demand minus the VRES.

Identifier			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Net demand (demand - VRES) [MW]

File oT_Result_NetDemandNetwork.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Electricity net demand (demand - VRES) [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationSurplus.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Power surplus [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationRampUpSurplus.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Upward ramp surplus [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationRampDwSurplus.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Downward ramp surplus [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationCurtailment.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	VRES Generator	Curtailed power of VRES [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationCurtailmentEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	VRES Generator	Curtailed energy of VRES [GWh]

File oT_Result_GenerationCurtailmentEnergyRelative.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	VRES Generator	Percentage of energy curtailed of VRES [%]

File oT_Result_GenerationEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Energy (discharge in ESS) [GWh]

File oT_Result_GenerationEmission.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	CO2 emission [MtCO2]

File oT_Result_GenerationIncrementalEmission.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Generator	Emission rate of the generators with power surplus, except the ESS [tCO2/MWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyGeneration.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Output (discharge in ESS) [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyConsumption.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Consumption (charge in ESS) [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyGenerationEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (discharge in ESS) [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyGenerationEnergy_AreaName.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (discharge in ESS) per area [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyCurtailmentEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Curtailed energy of VRES [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyCurtailmentEnergyRelative.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Percentage of energy curtailed of VRES [%]

File oT_Result_TechnologyEmission.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	CO2 emission [MtCO2]

File oT_Result_TechnologyEmission_AreaName.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	CO2 emission per area [MtCO2]

File oT_Result_TechnologyOperatingReserveUp.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Upward operating reserve [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyOperatingReserveDown.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Downward operating reserve [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologySpillage.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Spilled energy [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologySpillageRelative.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Spilled energy in ESS wrt the energy inflows [%]

ESS operation

File oT_Result_Consumption.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Consumed/charged power for each ESS [MW]

File oT_Result_ConsumptionEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Consumed/charged energy for each ESS [GWh]

File oT_Result_ConsumptionReserveUp.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Upward operating reserve of each pump/charge [MW]

File oT_Result_ConsumptionReserveDown.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Downward operating reserve of each pump/charge [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationConsumptionRatio.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Generation to consumption ratio for each ESS [p.u.] (1 only generating, -1 only consuming, 0 no generating nor consuming, ratio when generating and consuming)

File oT_Result_GenerationOutflows.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Outflows power for each ESS [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationOutflowsEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Outflows energy for each ESS [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyConsumption.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Charged power for each ESS [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyConsumptionEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (charge in ESS) [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyConsumptionEnergy_AreaName.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (charge in ESS) per area [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyOutflows.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Outflows power for each ESS [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyOutflowsEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (Outflows in ESS) [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyOperatingReserveUpESS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Upward operating reserve [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyOperatingReserveDownESS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Downward operating reserve [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationInventory.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Stored energy (SoC in batteries, reservoir energy in pumped-hydro storage power plants) [GWh]

File oT_Result_GenerationInventoryUtilization.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Utilization factor of the storage (SoC in batteries, reservoir energy in pumped-hydro storage power plants) [p.u.]

File oT_Result_GenerationSpillage.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Spilled energy for each ESS [GWh]

File oT_Result_GenerationSpillageRelative.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Spilled energy for each ESS wrt the energy inflows [%]

File oT_Result_SummaryGeneration.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Generation output (to be used as pivot table)

Reservoir operation

File oT_Result_ReservoirVolume.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Reservoir	Reservoir volume [hm3]

File oT_Result_ReservoirVolumeUtilization.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Reservoir	Utilization factor of the reservoir [p.u.]

File oT_Result_ReservoirSpillage.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Reservoir	Spilled water in reservoir [hm3]

File oT_Result_TechnologyReservoirSpillage.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Reservoir	Spilled water in reservoir by technology [hm3]

File oT_Result_MarginalWaterValue.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Reservoir	Water volume value [€/dam3]

The marginal costs (dual variables) are obtained after fixing the binary investment and operation decisions to their optimal values.

Electricity balance

File oT_Result_BalanceEnergy.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Generation, consumption, flows, losses and demand [GWh] (to be used as a pivot table)

File oT_Result_BalanceEnergyPerArea.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Area	Generation, consumption, flows, losses and demand [GWh]

File oT_Result_BalanceEnergyPerNode.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Node	Generation, consumption, flows, losses and demand [GWh]

File oT_Result_BalanceEnergyPerTech.csv

Identifier					Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Node	Technology	Generation, consumption, flows, losses and demand [GWh]

Electricity network operation

File oT_Result_NetworkCommitment.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Line commitment decision [p.u.]

File oT_Result_NetworkSwitchOn.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Line switch on decision [p.u.]

File oT_Result_NetworkSwitchOff.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Line switch off decision [p.u.]

File oT_Result_NetworkFlowElecPerNode.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Electric line flow [MW]

File oT_Result_NetworkEnergyElecPerArea.csv

Identifier			Header		Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial area	Final area	Area flow energy [GWh]

File oT_Result_NetworkEnergyElecTotalPerArea.csv

Identifier		Header		Description
Period	Scenario	Initial area	Final area	Area flow energy [GWh]

File oT_Result_NetworkEnergyElecTransport.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Energy transported [GWh-Mkm]

File oT_Result_NetworkElecUtilization.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Line utilization (i.e., ratio between flow and capacity) [p.u.]

File oT_Result_NetworkLosses.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Line losses [MW]

File oT_Result_NetworkAngle.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Voltage angle [rad]

File oT_Result_NetworkPNS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Power not served by node [MW]

File oT_Result_NetworkENS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Energy not served by node [GWh]

File oT_Result_SummaryNetwork.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Network output (to be used as pivot table)

Hydrogen balance and network operation

File oT_Result_BalanceHydrogen.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Generation, flows, and demand [tH2]

File oT_Result_BalanceHydrogenPerArea.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Area	Generation, flows, and demand [tH2]

File oT_Result_BalanceHydrogenPerNode.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Node	Generation, flows, and demand [tH2]

File oT_Result_BalanceHydrogenPerTech.csv

Identifier					Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Node	Technology	Generation, flows, and demand [tH2]

File oT_Result_NetworkFlowH2PerNode.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Hydrogen pipeline flow [tH2]

File oT_Result_NetworkHNS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Hydrogen not served by node [tH2]

Heat generation operation

File oT_Result_GenerationHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Output (discharge in ESS) [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationSurplusHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Power surplus [MW]

File oT_Result_GenerationEnergyHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Energy (discharge in ESS) [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyGenerationHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Output (discharge in ESS) [MW]

File oT_Result_TechnologyGenerationEnergyHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (discharge in ESS) [GWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyGenerationEnergyHeat_AreaName.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Energy (discharge in ESS) per area [GWh]

Heat balance and network operation

File oT_Result_BalanceHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Generation, flows, and demand [GWh]

File oT_Result_BalanceHeatPerArea.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Area	Generation, flows, and demand [GWh]

File oT_Result_BalanceHeatPerNode.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Node	Generation, flows, and demand [GWh]

File oT_Result_BalanceHeatPerTech.csv

Identifier					Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Node	Technology	Generation, flows, and demand [GWh]

File oT_Result_NetworkFlowHeatPerNode.csv

Identifier			Header			Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Initial node	Final node	Circuit	Heat pipe flow [MW]

File oT_Result_NetworkHTNS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Heat not served by node [MW]

Costs and revenues

File oT_Result_CostSummary.csv

Identifier	Description
Cost type	Type of cost [M€]

File oT_Result_CostSummary_AreaName.csv

Identifier	Header	Description
Cost type	Area	Type of cost per area [M€]

File oT_Result_CostRecovery.csv

Identifier	Description
Cost/revenue type	Revenues and investment costs [M€]

File oT_Result_SummaryKPIs.csv

Identifier	Description
KPI	Several KPIs

File oT_Result_TechnologyLCOE.csv

Identifier	Description
Technology	Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) [€/MWh]

File oT_Result_TechnologyLCOH.csv

Identifier	Description
Technology	Levelized Cost of Heating (LCOH) [€/MWh]

File oT_Result_GenerationCostOandM.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	O&M cost for the generation [M€]

File oT_Result_GenerationCostOperation.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Operation cost for the generation [M€]

File oT_Result_ConsumptionCostOperation.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Pump	Operation cost for the consumption [M€]

File oT_Result_GenerationCostOperatingReserve.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Operation reserve cost for the generation [M€]

File oT_Result_ConsumptionCostOperatingReserve.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Pump	Operation reserve cost for the consumption [M€]

File oT_Result_GenerationCostEmission.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Emission cost for the generation [M€]

File oT_Result_NetworkCostENS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Reliability cost (cost of the ENS and HNS) [M€]

File oT_Result_RevenueEnergyGeneration.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Operation revenues for the generation [M€]

File oT_Result_RevenueEnergyConsumption.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	ESS Generator	Operation revenues for the consumption/charge [M€]

File oT_Result_RevenueOperatingReserveUp.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Operation revenues from the upward operating reserve [M€]

File oT_Result_RevenueOperatingReserveUpESS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	ESS Generator	Operation revenues from the upward operating reserve [M€]

File oT_Result_RevenueOperatingReserveDw.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Operation revenues from the downward operating reserve [M€]

File oT_Result_RevenueOperatingReserveDwESS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	ESS Generator	Operation revenues from the downward operating reserve [M€]

Marginal information

The marginal costs (dual variables) are obtained after fixing the binary investment and operation decisions to their optimal values.

File oT_Result_MarginalReserveMargin.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Area	Marginal of the minimum adequacy electricity system reserve margin [€/MW]

File oT_Result_MarginalReserveMarginHeat.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Area	Marginal of the minimum adequacy heat system reserve margin [€/MW]

File oT_Result_MarginalEmission.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Area	Marginal of the maximum CO2 emission [€/tCO2]

File oT_Result_MarginalRESEnergy.csv

Identifier		Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Area	Marginal of the minimum RES energy [€/MWh]

File oT_Result_MarginalIncrementalVariableCost.csv

Identifier				Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Generator	Variable cost (fuel+O&M+emission) of the generators with power surplus, except the ESS [€/MWh]

File oT_Result_MarginalIncrementalGenerator.csv

Identifier				Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Generator with power surplus, except the ESS, and with the lowest variable cost (fuel+O&M+emission)

File oT_Result_NetworkSRMC.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Locational Short-Run Marginal Cost of electricity [€/MWh], a.k.a. Locational Marginal Price (LMP)

These marginal costs are obtained after fixing the binary and continuous investment decisions and the binary operation decisions to their optimal values. Remember that binary decisions are not affected by marginal changes.

File oT_Result_NetworkSRMCH2.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Locational Short-Run Marginal Cost of H2 [€/kgH2]

These marginal costs are obtained after fixing the binary and continuous investment decisions and the binary operation decisions to their optimal values. Remember that binary decisions are not affected by marginal changes.

File oT_Result_NetworkSRMCHeat.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Node	Locational Short-Run Marginal Cost of heat [€/MWh]

These marginal costs are obtained after fixing the binary and continuous investment decisions and the binary operation decisions to their optimal values. Remember that binary decisions are not affected by marginal changes.

File oT_Result_MarginalEnergyValue.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Generator	Energy inflow value [€/MWh]

File oT_Result_MarginalOperatingReserveUp.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Marginal of the upward operating reserve [€/MW]

File oT_Result_MarginalOperatingReserveDown.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Marginal of the downward operating reserve [€/MW]

Operational flexibility

File oT_Result_FlexibilityDemand.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Demand per area variation w.r.t. its mean value [MW]

File oT_Result_FlexibilityPNS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Power not served per area variation w.r.t. its mean value [MW]

File oT_Result_FlexibilityNetwork.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Area	Exporting flow from each area to other areas variation w.r.t. its mean value [MW]

File oT_Result_FlexibilityTechnology.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	Technology variation w.r.t. its mean value [MW]

File oT_Result_FlexibilityTechnologyESS.csv

Identifier			Header	Description
Period	Scenario	Load level	Technology	ESS Technology variation w.r.t. its mean value [MW]